Gender development in kids Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender development in kids - Research Paper Example â€Å"Gender focuses on whether an individual is male or female based on how a person acts. It is related to what people expect from women and men. Sex, on the other hand, is related to a person's body. It has to do with whether an individual is biologically male or female (Myers-Walls, 2010).† Very few cases of wrong sex identification have happened in the past. Meanwhile, the gender of a person can only be known by himself or by those close to him, and this does not need to be printed in any legal document. According to Oswalt (2008), â€Å"Kohlberg's theory of gender identity development describes how young children learn to understand their gender, and what being that gender means in their everyday life. Kohlberg theorized that there are 3 stages to this process. Initially, during the early preschool years (ages 3 to 4 years), young children engage in gender labeling. Young children can tell the difference between boys and girls, and will label people accordingly. However , these very young children still believe that gender can change and is not permanent.† Influences on Gender Development of Children Everyone is influenced by society. From the moment each one is exposed to others, he begins to think about how he should act around them in terms of words and characteristics. Another influence that society has on an individual is the development of his gender. Recent studies show that children of age five and up already have an idea of the gender that they belong in, and it is also during this time that they act out to be a boy or girl depending on what they think is appropriate (Gender and Child Development, n.d). Oswalt (2008) also says that â€Å"by age 5, children tend to play with ‘gender-specific’ toys†¦Young boys often play together in larger groups, while young girls tend to play more in pairs and smaller groups.† Some of the stereotypes that the community has are that a little girl should play with dolls and a l ittle boy with trucks or other â€Å"masculine† toys. This is in reference to the kind of personality that they need to develop: women being passionate and kind and men being aggressive and strong. The children themselves do not know this during their early days, but when they look up at their models (i.e. parents, guardians, media), they try to act out the role of the one that they consider to be the most similar to them. Little girls tend to take up the actions of their mother, while little boys tend to copy their fathers. Durso (2000) also states that â€Å"gender stability  is the realization that girls grown up to be women, that they don't grow penises and becomes men, and vice versa. Little boys realize that their penises will not fall off and that they won't grow a vagina and become a woman.† This trend is disrupted when parents do not give their children the right affection that they deserve. For example, a father who wants to have a son and is given a daught er instead would either feel indifferent towards the daughter, or raise her as he would his son. A daughter that is raised in a masculine role most

The Mexican Crisis Anticipation Essay Example for Free

The Mexican Crisis Anticipation Essay The reading â€Å"The Mexican Crisis Anticipation At Micro-Level deals with the emergence of crisis into Mexico and how it was anticipated by the firms at the micro level through making adjustments into their capital structure. The writer(s) is of the view that the Mexico mad rapid economic growth during the period of late 1980s and early 1900s as the trade as well as financial liberalization has allowed the growth to take place at more robust pace. The Writer(s) has successfully demonstrated the fact that with the financial liberalization, the credit supply to the economy increased the exposure of banks to potentially risky projects as due to availability of easy credit, the quality of credit was compromised for earning more and more as banks started to shift their focus to being more market oriented rather than risk oriented. However, as the political conflict in the country started to begin, the economy of the country started to feel the heat too as due to widening the external current account deficit as well as political instability forced economic conditions to take a U-turn as most of the economic indicators started to show adverse trends. The basic assumptions of the writer(s) are based on the studies which indicated that the crisis was not anticipated by most of the economic entities such as policy makers, banks and economic analysts who often based their analysis on the macroeconomic changes that took place during the period. However, most of the studies done so far on the issue dealt with the macroeconomic aspect of the crisis and failed to integrate the anticipating of crisis at the firm level. The writer(s) attempted to fill that gap by focusing on the anticipation of the crisis at the micro level by the firm through changes into their capital structure to reflect the economic changes taking place within the economy. While concluding the study, writer(s) argued that most of the firms did not anticipate such economic downturn, and it was something unexpected for them. At the micro level, there were not so many changes to reflect the changing attitude of the firms to reflect more fully the prevalent economic conditions therefore they did not try to change their capital structure. Three Questions One of the fundamental questions which need to ask is whether the firm at micro level can anticipate such an economic change or not? Since Mexican economy was largely dependent upon the external flows therefore the reliance of the economy on the local firms was less. Further due to the size of the firms, it was practically impossible for such firms to typically assess the impacts of changing economic trends due to lack of expertise in predicting such a behavior. The nature of SMEs indicates that at their individual level, they are nothing more than the expertise and skill of their owners. Therefore, if the owners are not well versed with the skill of assessing the change in the economic variables than it becomes more difficult to determine whether the firms have the ability to anticipate such changes? Lastly, authors have completely failed to assess the anticipation of such an impact through variables other than capital structure. It may be difficult for firms to change their capital structure within short period of time given the fact that economic conditions were showing declining trends. Therefore, changing capital structure in such times may have added to the overall risk of the firms.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In the fourteenth century, an unknown author wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and now this poem is one thought to be of the finest Arthurian romance that belongs to the Alliterative Revival. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a story about many complicated issues, and mainly it concentrates on the character of Gawain who is one of the best knights in Arthur’s kingdom. The action takes place when Arthur is still young and enjoys big celebrations in Camelot. The passage from lines 60 to 129 describes the New Year’s celebration in Arthur’s court around his famous Round Table. Celebrations at Christmas and the New Year’s holidays at Arthur’s court last for twelve continuous days. Nobility, knights and other guests gather in Camelot to enjoy music, entertainment and double portions of delicious cuisine: â€Å"This fair folk at feast two-fold was served†(line 61). Even though all plates are full, guests wait for the royal leader to arrive. Guests welcome Arthur with music, and they all sing Christmas songs: â€Å"When the king and his company were come in together. The chanting in chapel achieved and ended. Clerics and all the court acclaimed the glad season, Cried Noel anew, good news to men†(line 62). Before their meal, all guests gather to exchange gifts: â€Å"Then gallants gather gaily, hand-gifts to make, called them out clearly, claimed them by hand†(line 66). During the celebration, people exchange kisses, and the author describes some women who kiss many men: â€Å"Ladies laughed aloud, though losers they wereâ₠¬  (line 69). Then all the visitors wash their hands before the meal, which may give us important information about social practices at the fourteenth-century English court: â€Å"When they had washed them worthily, they went to their seats†(line 72). Arrangement of seats is precisely defined and the most powerful persons sit at the head of the table. GRAPH The queen Guenevere, Arthur’s wife, sits at the top

Review of Cocktail Party Economics

Review of Cocktail Party Economics for The Economist As an economics training book, Cocktail Party Economics highlights the concepts of economics, bringing them to light in a simple way without taking away from the importance of each theory and thought. This is a book written to engage its readers and interest them in the idea of the economic thought process. Addressed to â€Å"students everywhere, especially those who like economics †¦ or want to,† this book is exactly that. Cocktail Party Economics is a skillful portrayal of the process of economic thought, which entertains young readers due to the author’s sometimes silly and sarcastic moments.Economics may sometimes appear to be a difficult subject filled with elaborate terms and descriptions hard to grasp the understanding of, yet the book brings the subject to life and turns it into a less complex compilation of concepts in a cocktail party setting. Each chapter begins with a quote which ties in the ideas of the following paragraphs and each chapter ends with a simple yet important sentence, tying in the concepts in which the reader has just been educated on. In Chapter 5, the beginning quote states: â€Å"There is hardly anybody good for everything, and there is scarcely anybody who is absolutely good for nothing. This was spoken by Philip Dormer Stanhope, a British statesman. The quote at the beginning of the chapter provokes the mind of the reader to begin to think of The Absolute of Comparative Advantage (Chapter 5). At the end of the chapter, there is a picture of a cocktail napkin with a sentence upon it, stating: â€Å"Comparative advantage will determine what people will supply. † This sentence is the anchor to a chapter full of ideas about comparative advantage, bringing the chapter to a close, simply and delightfully.The idea of using the cocktail napkin to close each chapter is simply genius; it unites the ideas of the chapters with the overall theme of the book. Goss ip Column: an imaginative idea used to enlighten the reader about long-deceased members of humanity who have contributed a great deal to the economics society. There are many Gossip Columns within the book; each one displaying the lives of an economist and their contributions to today’s economic society. These are especially important to this work of literature because they highlight the key concepts developed by deceased economists and ow these concepts are used in today’s day and age. The reader is consumed by the column and what it has to offer: a chance to understand the idea of economics on a greater scale. Visualization is an essential factor of Cocktail Party Economics, as it is aimed at a student audience. Visuals in which a student sees within the text help the individual to expand their learning and retain more information. The use of charts offers the reader a chance to refer to them in the case of confusion or misunderstanding.These visual aids help each re ader on their journey of understanding the theories of economics. Either in the form of a chart or picture, Cocktail Party Economics challenges readers to apply their knowledge to understand the text better through the visual aids. Overall, Cocktail Party Economics is a great tool to use when trying to grasp the idea of economics and the impacts of the theories on modern society. The book contains a great deal of aids in the form of quotes, Gossip Columns, charts, and pictures, helping the reader to better their understanding.The authors make the text easy to read, using a somewhat story-telling setting. The title, Cocktail Party Economics, is very well suited to the book and explains what the book is about: being able to bring economics into a conversation at such a setting as a cocktail party. The book then furthers to explain the concepts of economics, explaining them in a way that is not dull; therefore, could be brought up in conversation at a cocktail party. Cocktail Party Eco nomics is a book about big ideas and exceptionally scales them down to a level a student will understand.

A Dream Deferred – a Literary Comparison

The Dream Deferred – A Comparison Kristy Andrews Axia College of University of Phoenix In Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes' poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each of the characters in A Raisin in the Sun has a dream for which they base their whole happiness and livelihood on attaining. However, the character of Lena Younger, or Mama, differs from the other members of her family. Time after time, Mama postpones her dream of owning a house and garden to perpetuate the dreams of her family members. Finally, when Mama receives the $10,000 insurance check, she feels that her dream can become reality, and purchases a house in Clybourne Park. Her dream â€Å"drys up like a raisin in the sun† when she learns that Walter gave the money to Willy Harris, who mysteriously disappears. Mama does not shatter simply because her dream has not been fulfilled. Lena Younger's strength of character has come from the steadfast endurance of hardship and a refusal to be conquered by it† (Phillips 51). Mama's economic hardships may have killed her dream, but she has not allowed it to kill her. You can feel the desperation not only in the poem but also through the character of Mama as you read the passages of the poem and story. The symbolism of â€Å"the dream† in A Rai sin in the Sun is equal to the symbolism used in the poem by Hughes. In the story, we see what can happen to a dream that is deferred, which is what the poem speaks directly about. The social inequality which the Younger's encounter also does not hinder Mama's compassion. Mr. Lindner temporarily shatters Mama's dream of owning a home when he comes to the Younger’s prepared to give them money to move from Clybourne Park. The derogatory use of â€Å"you people† by Mr. Lindner has little to no effect on Mama's steadfast decision to move to Clybourne Park. Mama's dream of a house simply modifies. She does not care that the house is located in a neighborhood where there are no colored people. Mama concerns herself only with the fact that she and her family will own the house and not have to dwell in the tired, old apartment on Chicago's south side. In a sense, Mama's dream has â€Å"crusted and sugared over like a sugary sweet† (Hughes Lines 7-8). Her dream has changed to fit the circumstances she must cope with. The character of Mama represents those who do not shrivel up and die just because their dream does. Walter Lee Younger, Lena's son, is second only to Lena in arousing sympathy and pathos from the audience. The entire play shows the development of Walter's quest for manhood. Similar to Lena, Walter's dream of owning a liquor store becomes hindered by his economic station, or lack of money, and his social position. In the opening scenes of A Raisin in the Sun, Walter does not occupy the position of head of the household. This secondary position to Mama demonstrates his frustration with his limiting environment, and even Walter's job show subservience and inequality as a chauffeur to wealthy white people. Elizabeth Phillips comments, â€Å"Consequently, he [Walter] is forever on the lookout for a means of making more money, not only to enable him to give luxuries as well as necessities, but also to satisfy the deep inner need of every man to prove that he is capable of great achievement† (54). Walter's great achievement appears as a failure at first before revealing the man that he has become. The destruction of Walter's first and superficial dream of owning a liquor store perpetuates Walter's downfall. This symbolizes Langston Hughes' question, â€Å"Does it [a dream deferred] stink like rotten meat? â€Å": (Line 6). The death of Walter's dream occurs when Willy Harris disappears with Walter's and Bobo's money. Walter finally understands Lena's sacrifice for him and the family with the words, â€Å"That money is made out of my father's flesh†¦ † (Hansberry 1747). Walter's lost dream rots his strength until he sinks to his lowest point in the play: Walter plans to accept the money from Mr. Lindner in return for agreement not to move into the house in Clybourne Park. â€Å"But in the ultimate test, Walter Lee cannot sell his own soul† (Phillips 55). The pride of both Walter and the family makes it impossible for Walter to accept Mr. Lindner's offer. Walter's final stand made to Mr. Lindner provokes Lena to announce to the family that Walter Lee has â€Å"finally come into his manhood† (Hansberry 1757). Walter lee Younger represents those who rise above their own weaknesses even after all the dreams they work for have been deferred. The character of Beneatha Younger illustrates the best-educated member of the Younger family. Beneatha dreams of becoming a doctor. This dream originates from a childhood experience where a playmate injured himself while sledding, but a doctor was able to save him, with only a small scar left as evidence of the accident. This left Beneatha with the determination to learn medicine. Beneatha's obstacles differ greatly from both Walter's and Lena's. First, Beneatha is only twenty years old, and attractive. Women such as Beneatha were expected to marry and have children, not become a doctor or have any education pasts that of high school. Second, Beneatha's extreme naivete towards the world around her affects her perception of her family's and Asagai's actions and words. When Beneatha learns of Walter's loss of the money, she calls into question whether she will ever be a doctor. Mama reassures her that she will, God willing. Beneatha responds by blaspheming God. The deferment of Beneatha's dream causes her faith to â€Å"fester like a sore and then run† (Hughes Lines 4-5). Beneatha's faith had not wavered before, but now that all she has ever wanted is precariously hanging in the balance, she questions if God exists at all and that maybe it is man â€Å"who makes miracles,† referring sarcastically to her brother's grievous mistake. Beneatha feels that all that she has worked for since she was a child has been stolen from her. This burden of doubt, â€Å"sags like a heavy load† (Lines 9-10). However, Joseph Asagai offers the solution of coming with him to Nigeria and becoming a doctor there, which fulfills both of her dreams of finding her African heritage and becoming a physician. Beneatha demonstrates her immaturity be her naive interpretations of Asagai's actions and words (Phillips 59). She misunderstands Asagai's proposal of marriage, and is unable to give the man who loves her so much and understands her so well a concrete answer. Beneatha's complex character reveals another hidden quality towards the conclusion of the play. After Walter's confrontation with Mr. Lindner, Mr. Lindner states pompously, â€Å"I take it then that you have decided to occupy† (Hansberry 1756). The simplicity of Beneatha's reply is illustrates in the statement, â€Å"That is what the man said† (1756). Beneatha executes an ironic reversal where she refers to Walter as ‘the man' and not the white Mr. Lindner. Hansberry indicates with the previous statement that Beneatha has the capacity to recognize greatness in others as well as the ability to respond with warmth and love to words and acts of family pride and dignity. Beneatha still encompasses some immaturity, but she shows great potential for good. Beneatha Younger symbolizes the immature person whose dreams are not completely decimated. The strength of character against social and economic hardships produce dreams that have the potential to prosper. The affects of a dream deferred vary intensely from person to person, as seen in the variety of characterization in the Younger family. Lorraine Hansberry draws a vivid description of the influence a dream can have on human beings. Similarly, Langston Hughes' poem Harlem depicts how human beings react when a dream dies. Edward J. Mullen notes that Hughes' poem represents the idea that, â€Å"the inhabitants of this 1951 Harlem seem to be seeking feverishly and forlornly for some simple yet apparently unattainable satisfaction in life† (142). Both Hansberry's play and Hughes' poem establish a powerful and human reaction to the death of a dream. The eloquence and reality of this is believable and almost felt personally by the reader due to the excellent use of symbolism, imagery, and other literary devices by each author. It is very easy to see how these two literary works are similar since they re dealing with exactly the same theme; i. e. that of the dream deferred. However, remarkably there are also several differences. Since the poem by Hughes is of modest length, there are not nearly as many literary devices used for this type of literary work. However, it is the more powerful of the two in bringing the message across because you feel the same feelings after reading it even though it takes merely seconds to finish. Hansberry takes us through a heart-felt journey in which she hones her writing skills and uses several literary devices such as characterization, irony, and climax. She has a protagonist and antagonist, a setting, and makes use of allegory where â€Å"every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. † (Braiman) A Raisin in the Sun provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustrating choices made and the consequences of such choices through its sharply-defined characters. Clearly these two literary works have similar as well as different aspects. They both include mood, tone, similar themes, and symbolism, and yet they both are introduced to the reader in very different ways. These works, although written many years before some of the people who read them, are very important to the literary canon today. They represent something that is still a part of our culture today, and they are very useful references to show how an author can use many different literary devices to capture the same initial theme when writing, especially since they are two totally different types of literary work; i. e. that of poetry and plays. It should be â€Å"required reading† for any professor teaching the techniques of writing when teaching about literary devices and how they are used. Bibliography Hansberry Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. [1959] Literature. 5th ed. Eds. James N. N. Pickering and Jeffery D. Hoeper. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, O. 1700-57. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Harlem. † [1951] Literature. 5th ed. Eds. James H. Pickering and Jeffery D. Hoeper. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 1027-28. Mullen, Edward J. Critical Essays on Langston Hughes. Boston: G. K. Hall, 142. Phillips, Elizabeth C. The Works of Lorraine Hansberry. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973. 48-62. Braiman, Jay. â€Å"Mr. Braiman’s English Online. † http://mrbraiman. hom. att. net/lit. htm.

Will Lowman Essays - English-language Films, Death Of A Salesman

Will Lowman Essays - English-language Films, Death Of A Salesman Will Lowman Charley says something in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman that sums up Willys whole life. He asks him, When the hell are you going to grow up? Willys spends his entire life in an illusion. He sees himself as a great man that is popular and successful. Willy exhibits many childlike qualities. Many of these qualities have an impact on Willys family. His two sons Biff and Happy pick up this behavior from their father. He is idealistic, stubborn, and he has a false sense of his importance in the world. Willy is like an impetuous youngster with high ideals and high hopes. Children always have high hopes for their future. They all want to be astronauts or millionaires. Willy always believes he can achieve that kind of success. He never lets go of his wasted life. He dreams of being the man who does all of his business out of his house and dying a rich and successful man. Furthermore, Willy also dreams of moving to Alaska where he could work with his hands and be a real man. Biff and Happy follow in their fathers footsteps in their lofty dreams and unrealistic goals. Biff wastes his life being a thief and a loner; furthermore, Biff, along with happy try to conjure up a crazy idea of putting on a sporting goods exhibition. The problem with Willy is that he never grows up and deals with his obstacles. Willy is also a very stubborn man. He is like a little child that wants to do something their way even though they know that another option would be the wiser choice. Charley practically sets a potential job into Willys lap and he refuses it. Willy just was fired and needed a job. He refuses one. Willy is too stubborn to let go of his old job and take a new one. He still believes that he is at the top of his profession. When Willy does not get his way he acts just as a child would. He has tantrums such as when he basically challenged Charley to a fight after he told him to grow up. Biff is also stubborn like his father. He never gives up being a child. He steals and lies. Biff cannot handle being ignored, so he steals a pen. Willys childlike stubbornness hampers him throughout his life. Willy, like most children thinks that he is more important than he actually is. During the whole story, he brags himself up, calling himself a great salesman. He says that he is known everywhere. When his funeral is to occur, Willy believed that it will be a major event. Many will come to pay their respects to New Englands greatest salesman. He is just an old broken down man who never was good at his job. Willy is not well known. Few attend his funeral. When one is a child, they believe that they are more important than they really are. As people grow older they realize that they are just one of many in the world. Willy Loman never does realize this fact. Biff and Happy never realize it either. They continue to believe that the Lomans are an extraordinary family above all others. After Willy dies, Happy proclaims that he will continue his fathers quest as the great salesman. Biff believes that the Lomans are not liked because they are rough and tough men who use their hands. Willy goes through his entire life believing that is a great, well known, and well-liked salesman. Willy Loman is a child trapped in a mans body. He never lets go of his dreams. He does not come to grips with his failure as a salesman, father, and husband. Willy runs away from responsibility, and he asks others for handouts when in need. These traits have a negative impact Biff and Happy throughout their lives. At the end of his life he lives with delusions of what his life was and is. Willy never does grow up.

Good multi-disciplinary working is key to providing high quality patient care. The WritePass Journal

Good multi-disciplinary working is key to providing high quality patient care. Introduction Good multi-disciplinary working is key to providing high quality patient care. IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction This work aims to establish a meaning of inter-professional, multi-disciplinary, multi-agency and collaborative working and evaluate its success or failure in the provision of good quality patient care. This work will identify models of teamwork and determine. Historically, health and social care organisations have operated independently, each encompassing differing professionals and agencies (Carnwell and Buchanan 2009). Each organisation has operated within its own management structure, policies, procedures and codes of conduct (Glasby and Dickenson 2008). However, effective practice in the twenty-first century recognises that the needs of patients/service users/clients can seldom be met by a single agency, as patients frequently have complex needs which span both health and social care services (Callaghan et.al. 2009). Equally, during the past decade there have been a variety of changes in the context of health and social care provision in the United Kingdom (Carnwell and Buchanan 2009).   Health and social care delivery is moving from the traditional acute care settings into community based settings and patient/client homes (NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement 2006). This transition in service delivery requires health and so cial care agencies to work collaboratively, and in partnership with the patient/service user. Currently there are a plethora of definitions/terminologies used to describe health and social care professionals and agencies working together. Glasby and Dickenson (2008) suggest that partnership/inter-agency working may be defined as; health and social care agencies working cooperatively to provide cohesive care to patients/service users. Miers and Pollard (2009) suggest that ‘interprofessional’ working describes people belonging to a profession relating with one another for the mutual benefit of those concerned. This interpretation suggests a sharing of information and experience by professionals, resulting in a possible outcome unachievable by individuals (Mathias and Thompson 2001). Inter-professional working also incorporates an element of education amongst those involved, improving professional knowledge (Hammick et.al. 2009). A multi-disciplinary team is a term utilised to describe a group of professionals and other staff members, led by a team leader, working t ogether to achieve a common objective (Fraser and Matthews 2008). Lowe and O’Hara (2000) suggest that multi-disciplinary teams aid the development of client focused services, promoting a holistic approach to care delivery. However, it may be argued that traditional professional boundaries are being blurred as professionals strive to deliver quality client-centred care, and this may be evident within multi-disciplinary teams (Baxter and Brumfitt 2008). Nonetheless, a multi-disciplinary team approach may result in an improvement in communication between healthcare professionals which leads to a more co-ordinated service delivery and lessens the likelihood of service users falling between services (Cook et.al. 2001). Multi-agency working relates to several health, social care public, private sector and voluntary organisations working together on a specific task (Day 2006). It may be suggested that multi-agency working may bring agencies together, but also suggests that whilst there is communication between the agencies there is little collaboration, merely the aim of completing the task (Day 2006). However, it is possible to challenge this perception as sharing professional knowledge provides the opportunity to work and learn from one another, resulting in collaborative working (Hammick et.al. 2009). Collaborative working may be described as a complex multidimensional concept necessitating teamwork, communication, cooperation, multi-agency, multi-disciplinary and inter-professional interactions (Suter et.al. 2009). Collaboration requires the sharing of information, knowledge and resources to achieve a desired goal (Suter et.al. 2009). References Baxter, S and Brumfitt, S (2008) Professional differences in interprofessional working, Journal of Interprofessional Care, 22:3 239-251 Callaghan, P, Playle, J and Cooper, L (2009) Mental Health Nursing Skills, Oxford: Oxford University Press Carnwell, R and Buchanan, J (2009) Effective Practice in Health, Social Care and Criminal Justice: A Partnership Approach, (2nd Edition)(Ed), Berkshire: Open University Press Cook, G, Gerrish, K and Clarke, C (2001) Decision-making in teams: issues arising from two UK evaluations, Journal of Interprofessional Care, 15:2, 141-151 Day, J (2006) Interprofessional Working: Expanding Nursing and Healthcare practice, Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Limited Fraser, S and Matthews, S (2008) The Critical Practitioner in Social Work and Health Care, London: Sage Publications Limited Glasby, J and Dickenson, H (2008) Partnership working in health and social care, Bristol: The Policy Press Hammick, M, Freeth, D, Copperman, J and Goodsman, D (2009) Being Interprofessional, Cambridge: Polity Press Mathias, P and Thompson, T (2001) ‘Interprofessional and multi-agency working’, In: Thompson, J and Pickering, S (2001)(Ed) Meeting the Health Needs of People who have a Learning Disability, London: Bailliere Tindall Miers, M and Pollard, K (2009) The role of nurses in interprofessional health and social care teams, Nursing Management, 15;9, 30-35 NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (2006) Making the Shift: Key Success Factors: A rapid review of best practice in shifting hospital care into the community, Retrieved on 27th March 2011 from: download.bham.ac.uk/hsmc/pdf/making_the_shift_2.pdf Suter, E, Arndt, J, Arther, N, Parboosingh, J, Taylor, E, Deutschlander, S (2009) Role understanding and effective communication as core competencies for collaborative practice, Journal of Interprofessional care, 23:1, 41-51

Top 7 Apps to Make You Fluent in English [Guest Post]

Top 7 Apps to Make You Fluent in English [Guest Post] Learning English can be as fun as it can be frustrating and sometimes, even dull. With so many apps out there for your every need, why not let an app make the whole process of learning a language more fun for you? With these apps, you’ll have the ultimate convenience of selecting the things you want to learn and have self-paced lessons. Just pop out your phone anywhere, even while waiting in a long queue, open the app, and start learning. It’s that simple. But, how to choose an English-learning app that’s actually effective and not all glitter? Well, you don’t have to worry about that, since I have curated a list of the top 7 apps that would help you and make you more fluent in English, whether you are just a beginner or someone looking to sharpen their English skills further: 1- Duolingo Downloads 6,717,296 Rating 4.7/5 Duolingo, a free language learning platform (with no hidden costs), has a catalog of over 20 languages including English. As soon as you’ll open the app, you’ll be transported into a world full of fun graphics and bright colors. Each lesson consists of speaking, listening, translation and multiple choice challenges, and you can instantly see where you went wrong with the in-lesson Grading. The app will adapt to your proficiency level as well as your time and set daily goals accordingly giving you a tailored experience. But what makes it so popular and effective? The app has combined language learning with addictive gamification through its bite-sized lessons, where you get awarded points for correct answers, and lose ‘Hearts’ for every incorrect answer while racing against the clock. 2- Memrise Downloads 1,153,288 Rating 4.7/5 Memrise focuses on vocabulary building and grammar through repetition and creating vivid sensory memories. The app follows the same gamification format with a tailored experience catering to your preferences as Duolingo but has other exciting features such as chatbots, and over 30,000 native speaker videos. You get to learn from the locals and work on your pronunciation and context through various videos and audios. The free version has over 200 language combinations, and the learn and review feature. While the pro version that costs a pocket-friendly $4.90 each month has more features such as Grammarbot, Video mode, and difficult words mode etc. In addition to this, Memrise has a thriving community of over 35 million users where users share audio, usage, etymologies, mnemonics etc, and help each other learn. The app also has an offline mode making your learning experience more convenient. 3 busuu Downloads 227,739 Rating 4.3/5 Busuu has a community of 80 million members and language lessons for 12 languages including English. The platform claims to teach you to speak a language in 10 minutes a day. The app is designed to fulfill all your English learning needs and comes with features such as placement test to help you start from the right difficulty level, a study plan, flash cards, certifications, help from natives, grammar exercises, vocabulary builder, accent training, full courses (over 150 Units per language), travel course, and the offline mode. Taking a more ‘human’ approach, the app allows you to converse with the native speakers to understand the nuances of the English language. That way youll be able to sharpen your skills and speak English almost as a native speaker.   To avail all these app features, you’ll have to go premium which has 4 plans ranging from $6/ month for a 24-month plan to $11/month for a 3-month plan. 4 Rosetta Stone Downloads 181,732 Rating 4.5/5 Instead of giving you a list of words to memorize, Rosetta Stone follows a unique approach to teaching English by connecting words with sights and sounds. The whole Rosetta journey puts an emphasis on learners to learn English intuitively, rather than through translation. To ensure that you learn to think and express yourself in English confidently, the app has features such as practicing to pronounce words and reading stories aloud with TruAccent, a speech recognition technology, studying grammar and vocabulary through seeing, hearing, speaking, reading, and writing only in English, preparing you for real-life conversations by having actual conversations with native tutors and chat with other learners. Some other features of the app are Downloadable Lessons, Phrasebook a guidebook to perfectly pronouncing key expressions, audio companion, and stories. You can either choose plans that come with tutor ranging from $18/month for 24 months to $52/month for 3 months or the more pocket-friendly but without tutor plans ranging from $11/month for 24 months to $18/month for 3 months. 5 Mondly Downloads 116,362 Rating 4.7/5 Mondly focuses on teaching language through a more conversational style. You can choose between three levels beginner, intermediate and advanced. The lesson starts with a simple conversation between two native speakers and teaches basic English words through it which you’ll then use to build sentences and phrases through various quizzes. This will be followed up by you reconstructing the conversation with your voice. The app uses technology like Speech Recognition and Spaced Repetition Algorithms to make the lessons more effective. Further, the lessons are divided into categories such as Daily Lesson, Grammar, Travel, and Introductions, etc, so, you can pick your lesson according to your needs. The other features of the app are verb conjugations, advanced statistics, the leaderboard, and adaptive learning where the app adapts to your way of learning. While many features can be accessed for free, to unlock all the content which includes 1000 lessons and conversations, 5000 words and phrases, and 365 lessons each year, you’ll have to upgrade to a premium account which has 3 plans ranging between $12 for one month to $5/month for 12 months. 6 HelloTalk Downloads 89,749 Rating 4.4/5 HelloTalk has an active worldwide community of over 10 million people. It is different from the other mentioned apps as it is based on ‘communication, not curriculum’. To put it simply, through HelloTalk, you can learn by chatting. The app matches you with people whose need match yours and connects you with native speakers of other languages (which includes English) and you can learn English by conversing with your ‘partners’ through texts, audio and voice messages as well as free audio and video calls. You can also post a ‘moment’ where you can share an update or post a question about language, culture or travel for native speakers to see and comment on. Therefore, through HelloTalk, not only can you learn a new language but also get to know a new culture through a native. The app also has learning features which include language translation, transliteration, grammar correction, text to voice, and voice recognition to improve your writing and speaking skills. 7 Beelinguapp Downloads 26,312 Rating 4.8/5 What better (and more interesting) way to learn English than through stories? This is the idea that Beelinguaapp is based on, it lets you read and listen to stories in different languages side by side. So, you can read the text and hear audio in English, and use the text and audio in your language for reference. You can choose between children’s stories, short stories, fairy tales, novels and more! The audiobooks and the Karaoke style animation reader will make learning English simpler and more fun. You can learn at your own pace while choosing the genre and learning level according to your preferences. Wrapping Up With these 7 apps, you’ll find learning English much more fun and even addictive. There’s an app for everyone, whether you are looking for fun games or learning through chatting, you can try them out, and pick the one that caters to your needs the most. While learning English, you might find your mind wandering, which would ultimately lead you to stare at your books for hours without absorbing anything. So, to help you further, I have a blog on the 21 Best Productivity Apps That Every Student Must Have which will help you not only be productive but also utilize your study sessions to the most! Author: Abhyank Srine Abhyank Srinet holds a Masters in Management degree from ESCP Europe has an engineering degree with a specialization in Instrumentation Control. His interest in the digital landscape motivated him to create an online start-up for Masters in Management application consulting (MiM-Insider.com), focused on spreading quality information about the MiM degree performing application consulting services for clients. He is the chief consultant of the company and takes care of Business Development and Digital Marketing side of the company. He is very passionate about writing and marketing.

The Fifth Replies of Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Fifth Replies of Descartes - Essay Example The Fifth Replies of Descartes The argument in question is the argument of Discourse. The problem with this counter argument is the inherent bias. There is a premise and theres a conclusion if one accepts the premise the conclusion must be accepted. Renà ©e Descartes says that he knows he exists it is inherent that he knows what he is and what his nature is, it is the very definition of establishing his existence. This knowledge (of existing) cannot be separated from the knowledge of what that existence is about. This point can be elaborated through an example for instance one sees a bottle of water. His eyes tell him that it is there. Since this person has the premise that what his eyes see is in fact real (or existing) it means that he knows that the bottle exists. When he say that it exists it means it has certain properties that indicate that it exists. No one can say that something exists without acknowledging the properties. Existence without the knowledge of its properties is even more illogical than deriving a conclusion that existence of self also encompasses the nature of self. When Renà © Descartes say that he thinks therefore he exists, it means that he is aware of what he is and what his nature is. Otherwise there is no existence. Every existence has its properties; be it divine authority like God or as trivial as a plastic water bottle. The objection of Descartes’s claim rests with the understanding of premise. If the critics accept the premise when Renà ©e says that something exists, he also bases this by understanding some properties.

Financial Reporting and Analysis Week 7 'Downgrade Warning Assignment

Financial Reporting and Analysis Week 7 'Downgrade Warning - Assignment Example This is because the analyst has the obligation to portray the company that is paying him his salary in a positive limelight. The analyst has a lot of power in their hands. The meaning of this statement is that the analysis and the grading of the company actually guides the investors and helps them to decide whether to buy the stocks of the company. This is the reason that no company would want an analyst to portray them negatively because that would affect the behavior of their investors. Further a company who is paying an analyst to analyze their situation would never want the analyst gives them negative ratings. Thus, this is the pressure that the analysts face which reduces their independence. No, a â€Å"buy† recommendation on a stock after its price has fallen does not always mean that the independence of the analyst has been compromised. This is because the market may be under pricing the stock due to some other factors, which it did not understand. However, an expert an alyst might be able to forecast the correct price of the stock, may see it increasing in future, and may recommend buying. Well the current position of the technology stocks after its crash in the past is not so stable. However, from the crash the technology stocks and the broader stock market have evolved a lot. Therefore, it cannot be conclusively stated that the analysts who are currently recommending investing in tech stocks and broader stock market lack independence. Peter Houghton’s memo says that the analyst has the responsibility towards the company either to incorporate the changes requested by the company or to communicate to the company clearly, why the changes requested by the company cannot be incorporated. The memo does not clearly express the curb on analyst’s independence but it hints towards it because the responsibility either to

Communication in Security Settings Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication in Security Settings Paper - Essay Example If they will use negative attitude instead of positive then it can create a trouble for them. Effective communication is the combined harmony of verbal and nonverbal behavior. NONVERBAL behavior can be explained as anything other than words themselves that communicates or affects (positively or negatively) the message "contained" in the words. Nonverbal communication contains body motion, facial expressions and eye movement. FACIAL EXPRESSION: While listening to a person you should ahead to indicate that you understand and is in agreement with the speaker. You glance away or yawn to signify that you are uninterested or would like for the speaker to discontinue talking. EYE MOVEMENT: Direct eye contact is necessary in the public to show a self-confident, truthful character. Most people find it hard to look at someone in the eyes when they are conversing with them. Straight eye contact can be anxiety-provoking and on a circumstance can reason some persons to lose their train of thinking. The answer is to focus your eyes someplace else on the face. For example, you can keep your eyes stuck to the persons nose, mouth, or ear. As long as your focus is within eight inches of the nose, the other individual will not be able to tell that you are not watching him or her directly in the eyes. When you are communicating with your sender or receiver you should be confident that there is no contest for your attention like thrilling things going on nearby or other people chatting (cell phones, IMs, chat rooms, email, etc.) Occasionally there is case that its hard to communicate simply because you cannot send or receive the message. Earsplitting noises can block communication, and so can stuff like lost phone signals and computers not being capable to interface. Sometimes the sender uses vocabulary that the receiver does not recognize,. Try to use

Puerto Rico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Puerto Rico - Essay Example Its original inhabitants were Aboriginal people. Christopher Columbus discovered it. It was a Spanish colony who transformed its culture and physical landscape. European knowledge, customs and traditions including Roman Catholicism, Spanish language, agriculture, stone constructions and the printing presses. In the present day, its people are American citizens and the region has a local constitution. They elect their own governor although they lack voting members in Congress and is a subject of the plenary jurisdiction of the United States under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 (Luis, 2009). Its economy is a high-income economy and the most competitive in the Latin America. This economy is mainly driven by the manufacturing and service industries. The manufacturing industry comprises of pharmaceuticals, textiles, petrochemicals and electronics while the service industry is of finance, insurance, real estate and tourism. The Unites States controls its foreign affairs exerting trading restrictions especially in its shipping industry. It is also a small island lacking natural resources and depends mostly on imports (Duany, 2003). Puerto Rico experienced recession from 2006 to 2011 and again in 2013. However, it has managed to maintain a relatively low inflation in the past decade at the same time maintaining a purchase power higher than 80% of the world. It is unable to become a self-sufficient and self-sustainable economy since it has a public debt equal to 68% of its gross domestic product (Sanchez, 2009). It is, therefore, poorer than other American states, even Mississippi, with 41% of its population below the poverty line. Puerto Rico does participate in globalization through activities such as consumerism of society, attracting industries, computers and through its tourism program. On the other hand, globalization has greatly affected Puerto Rico’s natural environment. The future of the country is greatly jeopardized by the

Article 2 (Economics) Why Knockoffs Can Help a Strong Brand

2 (Economics) Why Knockoffs Can Help a Strong Brand - Article Example o the article has been provided by Renee Gosline’s study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology and also by Yi Qian of the National Bureau of Economic Research. According to the research findings of the two above mentioned researchers, counterfeits serve as a passage to the original products and have positive effects on the sales of the original brand products. The counterfeits brands therefore according to the article can be said to have more advertising effect than substitution effects and therefore pose no much danger to the original brands. They actually save them from more advertisement charges since sooner or later the consumers realize the difference between the original and the counterfeit and move to the original. This knockoff effect does not however affect only the formal brands which have trademarks and are protected by law. The article further explains that even individual creators with their own unique line of designs and creativity can have copies of their work being reproduced. The overall effect and outcome is however the same as that of the formal brands since the consumers will realize the difference of the original and the counterfeit and move to the original. Raustiala, Karl and Springman, Chris. â€Å"Why Knockoffs Can Help Build a Strong Brand.† Freakonomics 9/5/2012. Retrieved from:

Inventory Planning and Control Systems Research Paper

Inventory Planning and Control Systems - Research Paper Example Supported with an example of the sugar industry, the report further emphasizes on the disadvantages of inventory mismanagement. Listing the problems related to inventory control encountered by the management the report further identifies the solutions required to solve them. The report contains valuable information regarding efficiencies that exist in a firm due to proper inventory planning and control. It also emphasizes on the impact inventory planning and control has on the competitiveness of a firm and how the competitiveness results into increased profitability. The report summarizes the critical importance of inventory planning and control for a firm to survive in an industry and the fierce competition. An inventory can be defined as a list of goods which are either finished, in form of raw material, in process or just simply as stock in hand. Inventory is also usually referred to as the list which contains all the information regarding the operation management of an organizati on. In detail, an inventory includes the amount of raw material available and the amount required to be ordered, finished goods ready to be delivered to the customers, goods stocked in the warehouse and even the half finished goods that require space to be stored before they move on to the next phase of the production process. Besides exceptional cases such as of those firms in the services industries; inventories are considered to be a firm’s major revenue producer. Reasons for holding inventory Inventory is basically the most critical component of a production process and it exists in an organization just so that the firm is able to respond to requirements in relation with forecasted demand. The need for inventory can arise in situations where the product has uncertain demand and the producers are not particularly sure about the amount they should produce (Broyles, 2003, p.389). They therefore resort to inventory tactics such as producing in excess of the estimate forecaste d. In some industries there is even a percentage of uncertainty regarding the availability of raw material. For example the sugar industry is plagued with the uncertainty attached to sugar cane because floods may sometimes ruin the crop. Furthermore, lack of rain and lack of fertility of a land leads to low levels of sucrose extracted

Article 2 (Economics) Why Knockoffs Can Help a Strong Brand

2 (Economics) Why Knockoffs Can Help a Strong Brand - Article Example o the article has been provided by Renee Gosline’s study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology and also by Yi Qian of the National Bureau of Economic Research. According to the research findings of the two above mentioned researchers, counterfeits serve as a passage to the original products and have positive effects on the sales of the original brand products. The counterfeits brands therefore according to the article can be said to have more advertising effect than substitution effects and therefore pose no much danger to the original brands. They actually save them from more advertisement charges since sooner or later the consumers realize the difference between the original and the counterfeit and move to the original. This knockoff effect does not however affect only the formal brands which have trademarks and are protected by law. The article further explains that even individual creators with their own unique line of designs and creativity can have copies of their work being reproduced. The overall effect and outcome is however the same as that of the formal brands since the consumers will realize the difference of the original and the counterfeit and move to the original. Raustiala, Karl and Springman, Chris. â€Å"Why Knockoffs Can Help Build a Strong Brand.† Freakonomics 9/5/2012. Retrieved from:

Cultural Artifcat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Artifcat - Essay Example It is convenient, hassle free and very enabling because we have tons of information within us. Putting or embedding it in our body is also safe. It could be injected within us and could also be retrieved easily because it is small. It will work because if the pacemaker that is big could fit into a human’s heart, how much more a microchip that will just be embedded in our skin. It will be just a matter of time before such technology will happen because recent development in technology is running on the technological ideology of making computers smaller and smaller. Recent signs are the miniaturization of computers are PC’s reduction to laptops to tablets and it will not be long until it will be reduced to just a microchip. It is expected that such artifact may received with resistance because the idea is revolutionary and unusual. Less informed people may have the false consciousness that we are â€Å"robotizing† people by embedding chip into them. It is also anticipated however that over time, such fears will be allayed by the benefits of the new technology and that it will be eventually accepted. For us students, such cultural artifact is a very powerful and an enabling tool because the amount of information we could carry could be used in our studies. Imagine each student has a library at his or her disposal and all he or she needs is a computer, laptop or tablet to download the information within his or her body. The same is true if such student would like to upload information that would be needed in the future. It is not only convenient but could also cost effective because the storage can be carried anywhere. Also, student’s will no longer have excuses that they forgot to bring their books, assignments or whatever information related requirement in school because their body could already carry it. It only means that if they did not bring the requirement, they did not do it. Life will also become

France and French culture Essay Example for Free

France and French culture Essay Despite the recent backlash against France and French culture in the past few years, as well as there being no shortage of jokes on television and on the radio at the expense at the France, the truth is that if it were not for the French and their involvement during the American Revolution, America would not have gained their independence from Great Britain. This assertion, despite the fact that historians do not like to play the game of â€Å"what if,† the large majority agree on this point. Historians from Gore Vidal, Stephen Ambrose and David McCullough all agree that had it not been for the assistance of France, America would not gave gained their independence. The â€Å"bear† is Great Britain. An aggressive pursuit of imperialism on behalf of Great Britain in the late 18th and throughout the 19th centuries had not been seen since the end of the Roman Empire. The reasons for France’s involvement in the American Revolution might have been more a question of revenge against Britain than the involvement of spreading democracy throughout the world as France itself would experience only 10 years after their initial entrance into the war with their own French Revolution. When the French entered on the side of colonists, the war was going badly in general. There had been a number of victories for the Colonists but America’s only hope that a sustained war, brought on by implementing guerilla tactics would eventually lead to a tiring of the British troops. Also, it was the entire motivatation of the Colonists to get France on their side. Ben Franklin was pressing the French constantly for their help during this time. Also, it was not out of a coincidence that Franklin was chosen and not others since Franklin were adored by the French. Thomas Jefferson also was instrumental as well in getting France involved on the side of the Colonists. It is also not a coincidence that France was being targeted for their help. They, along with Great Britain, were the powers in the world at that time. That is why such a statement as â€Å"Daddy and I killed the Bear† is accurate and correct. The bear is Great Britain. They did not conquer 1/3 of the world by being nice. â€Å"Daddy† is France and the child is America. â€Å"Daddy† is usually the stronger of the two and is more established. He is responsible for the care and well being of the child and helps the child to grow and to mature until eventually, the child exceeds the father in stature, independence and strength. However, the child would not be allowed to grow if not for the effort exerted on the part of the father. A father who neglects his son and does not raise him up in a proper way and the chances increase exponentially, for that child to fail to fully realize his full potential. The very same occurred in this instance and therefore, the aforementioned statement is accurate and carried a great deal of weight and validity.

The Role of the Cartels, the United States and the Mexican Federal Gove

The â€Å"Drug War† along the border of Mexico and the United States is one of the longest coordinated engagements of law enforcement (who have accepted the aid of the Mexican military) in both countries’ history (Winslow, 2015). The history of this unofficial war is extraordinarily complicated; rife with both political and criminal players, violence, corruption, bad policy, and controversy. Its importance to America and Mexico cannot be underestimated, especially in its role in legislation, law enforcement techniques, and public opinion. The sheer size and scope of the war surpasses general understandings of battlefields and skirmishes; but it is obvious where the most â€Å"warfare† is occurring—the border (Pacheco, 2009). To explore all of these concepts would take substantial time; so in favor of brevity and efficiency this paper will attempt to provide the reader with a general overview of the current situation, and then go into depth about several subjects: the history, the key participants, the drugs at issue, the range of the war across Mexico (at current date), political controversies accompanying, and proposed solutions by experts. To put current day events into context, one should first glance at the history behind the Drug War. Payan contended in his article The Drug War and the U.S.-Mexico Border: The State of Affairs that the roots of the drug war stem from the resentment policymakers had towards the counterculture revolution of the late 60’s. Mind-altering drugs such as marijuana, cocaine and heroin were in great demand, and many small gangs in Mexico had taken advantage of the opportunity. Nixon saw the rising clamor from conservatives against the trafficking and use of these substances; so he instituted the DEA, coin... ...3/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=fc2f2fad-9bc3-4172-b521-6917fa15c2e7%40sessionmgr13&vid=4&hid=7 Payan, T. (2006). The Drug War and the U.S.-Mexico Border: The State of Affairs. South Atlantic Quarterly, 105(4), 863-880. doi:10.1215/00382876-2006-006. Web. 4 Oct. 2015. http://libproxy.wcjc.cc.tx.us:2253/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1e7fd309-7c13-410d-92f4-45d5d11968f1%40sessionmgr11&vid=16&hid=12 Vance, L. M. (2011). The Other Unconstitutional War. New American, 27(21), 20-24. Web. 4 Oct. 2015. http://libproxy.wcjc.cc.tx.us:2253/ehost/detail?sid=e07d566c-eb43-4b0b-bb3c-df8a4aedcd7a%40sessionmgr111&vid=3&hid=123&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=67789567 Winslow, Don. America's war on drugs is empowering Mexico's drug cartels CNN. June 28, 2015, Web. 4 Oct. 2015. http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/28/opinions/winslow-drug-war-folly/

Cosmogony :: essays research papers fc

Cosmogony Works Cited Brandon, S.G.F. Dictionary of Comparative Religion. New York: Charles Scribner’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sons, 1970. â€Å"Cosmogony.† World Book Encyclopedia. 1990 ed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different religions view the idea of how the world was created, or cosmogony, in different ways. China holds many cosmogonies, but they all revolve around the same ideas. Egypt’s cosmogony was motivated by the desire that their God created all other gods. The views of people define the cosmogony in Greece, mostly of Homer. Cosmogony in the Hebrew religion is defined in the first two chapters of Genesis(Brandon 208). Japanese cosmogonic mythology has its beginnings of myths that one can trace way back. Some views of the different religions remain the same, but most views differ from each other.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chinese philosophical interest was centered on human affairs. Egypt was motivated to show that divine fiat conceives cosmic creation (Brandon 208). The Greek philosophy concerned itself with considering origin and constitution of the universe. Some cosmological ideas in the Hebrew religion represent the creation of the universe by divine fiat (Brandon 208). Divine fiat is defined when God said ‘Let there be light’; and there was light (qtd. in â€Å"Cosmogony†). Pentateuch and Yahwist deal with the creation and the fall of Adam. Shinto produced another cosmogony that presents a division in the universe. The upper world consisted of gods and everlasting bliss. The middle world included man on the surface of the earth. The lower world of darkness, known as Yomi, which possesses evil spirits that live under rule of earth-mother (Brandon 210).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Huai-Nantzu, in China, the universe of space and time arose before Heaven and Earth took shape. The earliest Egyptian cosmogony presented Atum as the creator and Heliopolis as the place. The Greeks believed Hesiod also explains evolution of mankind as a series of Five Ages. Yahwist, in the Hebrew religion accounts on the creation of the world by an editor who fused Pentateuch and Yahwist into continuous writings of divine creation. The Japanese believed the world of forms to be formed from emanations proceeding from the Dhyani-Buddha (â€Å"Cosmogony†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Han Dynasty founded the first fully developed cosmogonies for China. This naturalistic cosmogony taught that the origin of the all things lay in the Great Ultimate. The Great Ultimate produced two forces of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang combined to form four emblems, which then produced the Eight Trigrams. The Eight Tigrams resulted in all the phenomena of the world (Brandon 207).

A Comparison of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Fight Club Essay

The purpose of my essay is to compare and contrast the novel titled Fight Club, written by Chuck Palahniuk, and the story, dated back to the Victorian age, known as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson. I will compare these two works by evaluating how these two authors represent the theme of dual/split personalities within a specific character found in within each of their respective stories. Each author portrays the idea of dual personalities, and as you read my argument, you will encounter the similarities and differences in the way they described the character’s appearance of their alter ego and the process of their transformation. I will also touch on how the author portrays each character with their own personal views on the world and how those very views caused the creation of their own, â€Å"Tyler Durden†, or â€Å"Mr. Hyde. † My comparison will also include the destructive nature of each character’s alter persona, as well as their personal views on reality and society that revolves around them. To close my argument, I will compare the process of each character’s inner confrontation and embracement of their other persona. This essay is purely a comparison of the two stories and will not touch on the psychological standpoint of dual personalities, other than comparing how the author portrays this theme and the ideologies of the characters, which they use to justify their actions in the story. Now the novel Fight Club was publish in 1996, and continues to be one of the most cult related novels of its time. So it is very recent in comparison to the short story, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, however they both dwell in the same region of dark settings and grotesque styles of writings. The novel Fight Club follows an individual, whose name is never revealed throughout the novel, and deals with his obsession of having all the finer things in life, along with the struggle of dealing with insomnia. He realizes that his existence means nothing in this world, despite his hard work and determination, and that one day he will die and the world will forget him as if he never existed. He attends support groups to earn a sense of satisfaction of being able to cry and release his inner feelings, regardless of the fact that he is not suffering from any illness or fatal disease. From these emotions, one can assume this sparked the creation of his other persona known as Tyler Durden who starts a â€Å"Fight Club† where men can establish their dominance and where they can truly embrace who they are. However the main character soon finds that what Tyler wants is not necessarily what he wants, which begins the confrontation between himself and his inner persona. Now within the novel of Fight Club, the story follows an individual whose name is never disclosed throughout the novel; therefore for the sole purpose of this essay I will reference this character as Joe. The reason being that as you read the story, the main character discovers a copy of Readers Digest, where he discovers an article in which they personify a human organ to explain functions and the medical needs that each organ needs. An example of this is, â€Å"I am Joe’s Raging Bile Duct† (Fight Club pg. 70), and continues to reference this throughout the story to express the emotions by personifying them in the same fashion. An example of this done by the main character is, â€Å"I am Joe’s Grinding Teeth† (Fight Club pg. 70), as well as, â€Å"I am Joe’s Inflamed Flaring Nostrils† (Fight Club pg. 70). The moments where he identifies himself in this fashion are the only moments where he gives himself any form of an identity; therefore in my arguments, as well as the conclusion of my essay I will reference this character as Joe. The second part of this comparison is the short story known as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Now this short story was published in the year 1886, and was written during a time when the author, Robert Louis Stevenson was very ill and suffering from several hemorrhages within his lungs. Therefore, one can assume that during the writing process of this short story, the author was plagued with a multitude of thoughts that centered on dark themes. He created a monster story disguised as a detective story, which left the audience in awe at the climax in the story where they discover the truth. The way the author simulated the setting in the novella is very reminiscent of how Palahniuk set up the climax in Fight Club. The audience is given the image of individual who has altered persona. Now this story does not follow Dr. Jekyll through his journey of creating his evil alter ego. Moreover he is not even the first initial character that we are introduced to in the novella; we are first introduced to a man named Mr. Utterson. He is actually the lawyer of Dr. Jekyll and he takes an interest in his newfound protege who is referred to as Mr. Hyde. His negative feelings towards Mr. Hyde, beget a personal investigation into his life and his connection to Dr. Jekyll. Sadly he does not realize the truth behind the mystery of Dr.  Jekyll and Mr. Hyde till the end of the novella, where he finally discovers the secret from reading Dr. Jekyll’s last words written in a letter addressed to him after Dr. Jekyll’s untimely death. Although the story is not from the point of view from Dr. Jekyll himself, I was still able to receive a good assertion of his mentality and reason behind the creation of Mr. Hyde. This luckily was all explained within the note that was addressed to Mr. Utterson. We were also given enough details on the both characters, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which was shared over the whole span of the short story. So now that you have been given a brief introduction of the 2 books and the main characters that I will mention in the argument, then I will now proceed to carefully analyze and terms of measurements that I disclosed in the first paragraph of the introduction. Argument Appearance of Each Other’s Persona One of the main things within these two stories is the appearance of each character’s alter ego. It plays as one of the most important aspects of their persona. Now the way it is displayed within The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde appears as the direct opposite of Dr.  Jekyll, which is also the case within the novel Fight Club. The appearance of Mr. Hyde can only be described within the following statement, â€Å"I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why† (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde pg. 43)? Mr. Hyde’s appearance engulfs what is completely known as the pure evil of Dr. Jekyll’s being, he also described him as, â€Å"something displeasing, something downright detestable† (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde pg. 43). These feelings are constantly mentioned throughout the masses of individuals who cross paths with Mr. Hyde. However Dr. Jekyll’s feelings towards Mr.  Hyde are much different than the public opinion. This brings me to the appearance of Joe’s alter ego in Fight Club, Tyler Durden, who presents himself in the exact opposite deposition of his creator. Now oddly enough, despite the evil nature of these individuals, both characters seem to have great admiration towards their alter persona’s personality as well as physical appearance. Joe, on some level is extremely infatuated with Tyler, he craves the same knowledge that Tyler contains. There are even moments in which he shows extreme jealous for the attention of his companion, â€Å"How could I compete for Tyler’s attention† (Fight Club pg. 5)? He truly wanted to embody all the characteristics of Tyler Durden; â€Å"Tyler and I were looking more and more like identical twins. Both of us had punched out cheek bones, and our skin had lost its memory, and forgot where to slide back to after we were hit† (Fight Club pg. 147). Now the differences between the characters appearances towards their alter ego’s are different in both stories. Now in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde appears repulsive and disdainful to look at, whereas the famous Tyler Durden is everything that other men want to be, as seen within the main character’s (Joe) mind. This is due to the fact the each character’s persona is an exact depiction of what they want, Joe desires to be a leader and to be a man known and recognized, whereas Dr. Jekyll wants to embrace his pure evil side with no regret of guilt feelings. Now it can also be said that Joe’s desires to spawn anarchy, resulted in the creation of Tyler Durden due to the fact that he felt the people would respond more to Tyler than himself. Transformation (Mental vs. Physical) Now the author portrayed Dr. Jekyll as a man who was born into wealth and with humility as well as respect for his fellow man. However, Dr. Jekyll had his demons, along with an urge to commit misdeeds. He had an evil side that was ready to flourish; he would always say, â€Å"that man is not truly one, but truly two† (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde pg. 104). Sadly, any time he would commit a misdeed, a sense of horrible guilt would befall on his soul. Dr. Jekyll would state that he could see, â€Å"the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness† (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde pg. 104). Now this is when Dr. Jekyll decided to dedicate his research to the idea the one could separate into two personalities. Therefore, he would then be able to commit misdeeds with no guilt and to live a virtuous life without the temptation of evil. Now Dr. Jekyll had to achieve this over a physical means, whereas in the novel Fight Club, the main character achieved this split and separation of personalities within a mental means. Mainly the creation of his persona, Tyler Durden, was created from his own mind, of his own free will; to change the person he is and to become the person that he always wanted to be. Now unlike Dr. Jekyll, Joe’s process of transformation occurred, not from a vial of his own concoction, but from the condition known as Insomnia. The main character describe the condition as, â€Å"Everything is so far away, a copy of a copy of a copy. The insomnia distance of everything, you can’t touch anything and nothing can touch you† (Fight Club pg. 21). He is describing as if were in an out-of –body experience, and sure enough as its revealed later in the story, when he enters in a state of insomnia, in which he is actually under the control of Tyler Durden. As stated by Tyler, â€Å"Every time you fall asleep I run off and do something wild, something crazy, something completely out of my mind† (Fight Club pg. 148). Tyler explains that the longer and longer that Joe remains awake, the less will he will have to fight back to reclaim his mind. This means he starts becoming Tyler more and more often without his knowledge or free will any longer. Now the idea and theme of waking up as your alter ego is present in both short stories. Now in Fight Club, the only time that the main character transforms into Tyler Durden is when he slips into sleep and then awakens in a semi insomniac state. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll creates an elixir in which he can choose to become Mr.  Hyde. When challenged by Mr. Utterson concerning Dr. Jekyll’s control over Mr. Hyde he states, â€Å"The moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde† (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde pg. 58). However Dr. Jekyll is overestimating the amount of the control he actually has over the beast within. At times he tries to prove that he does not need to become Mr. Hyde any longer, but he surely gives into temptation causing the beast to get stronger each and every time. That concept is similar to how Joe embraced Tyler within himself, and how he desired to be one with Tyler. Now both stories come full circle when they both realize the power that each of their persona has over them, so much now that they are transforming more and more often. This is seen in the moment when Dr. Jekyll awakes as Mr. Hyde without the aid of his elixir; he states, â€Å"Yes, I had gone to bed as Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde† (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde pg. 112). Now both stories share a common factor, which is that each character has lost so much control and has gone too far to regain whatever control they have left of their body. One quote comes to mind as one witness these occurrences and that is said by Joe, â€Å"If I could wake up in a different place, at a different time, could I wake up as a different person† (Fight Club pg. 24)? This question completely foreshadows the endings of both stories and in the process creates a huge similarity. Confrontation of One’s Self Now that the story is ending, the main character of each has to deal with the task of somehow liberating themselves from the clutches of their inner demon. In both stories, it seems almost near impossible to defeat their own mind. Tyler Durden is a separate personality I’ve created and now he’s threatening to take over my life† (Fight Club pg. 237). In this situation both characters have a sense of being trapped from the pure fact that they cannot run away from their own minds. For example, in the novel Fight Club, the main character attempts to remain awake with the help of another individual to prevent the awakening of his counterpart. Now this is only temporary for the pure fact that Joe can only remain awake for a certain amount of time. He is then forced to confront Tyler Durden in his mind, and only one persona will remain after the confrontation. His final confrontation can be described in the following quote, â€Å"To God, this looks like one man alone, holding a gun in his own mouth, but its Tyler holding the gun, and it’s my life† (Fight Club pg. 279). Now the character in the Fight Club actually prevails against his alter ego, by realizing fully that as long as it’s his body, he holds the power. â€Å"This is like a total epiphany moment for me. I’m not killing myself, I yell. I’m killing Tyler† (Fight Club pg. 281). Sadly the same outcome did not occur within the short story of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The confrontation that occurred between Dr. Jekyll and Mr.  Hyde was simply a battle between achieving a sense of normality before his very reputation was ruined. He searched for ingredients that could possibly help his metamorphous back to his own self. This did not work out as plan and to which it ended with Mr. Hyde’s suicide, which was committed to save him the embarrassment of being revealed or to face the pains of facing trial and being thrown to the gallows. Now these two different confrontations occurred in two different fashions due to the fact that the manifestation of Tyler Durden was the result of a mental need that the main character felt at the beginning of the novel. I felt trapped. I was too complete. I was too perfect. I wanted a way out of my life† (Fight Club pg. 263). He created him in his mind and Dr. Jekyll created Mr. Hyde out of physical manifestation of the evil within himself. Now a physical transformation is a lot harder to overcome a mental transformation, therefore the ending to the novella ended with a suicide attempt to end both personas whereas the main character of Fight Club shot himself in the attempt of killing, not himself, but the idea of Tyler Durden, in which he succeeded. Conclusion  Now the results of my essay have shown the similarities between the novel and the novella. The novel known as Fight Club, written by Chuck Palahniuk, showed the process of how a man, whose life was so perfect and yet found no happiness, embarked on the path of creating an altered persona of himself that was everything he ever desired and wanted to embody. Now the novella known as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson, told a very similar story involving a man who grew up into wealth and was praised as humble and respectful man. However he yearned to embrace his dark side, through the means of a physical transformation with the help of a chemical concoction that he spent his life to develop. His goal was to completely separate his good and bad sides to achieve the best of both worlds. Now one can see why these two stories ended up going their own paths involving dual personalities. Dr. Jekyll embraced his own manifestation of evil from the start; he even centered his research on the idea that he could separate his dark from his light side. However Joe never looked for Tyler Durden, his body craved it, and once the time came when Joe realized that he did not want to embody Tyler Durden, he retaliated by taking control of his mind, which then lead to him taking back control of his own body. The ill fate of Dr. Jekyll befall upon him due to the fact the he tried to silence one side completely, which ended in Mr. Hyde retaliating back and taking full control of his body. Very similar in how Joe was pushed to the limits and how, in the last second, took control and completely repelled Tyler Durden out of his body. Now even though Mr. Hyde, as well as Joe, took total control, the story did not end well for either of them. Mr. Hyde ended his life while Joe continued to live the rest of his life in an insane asylum. It seems that neither of the characters could have proceed on living without the other side of their persona present. The thought that a single moment in time can dictate the nature of history and the way that it is conveyed to the masses from that moment in time.

Boy Cry

In his telling novel, Real Boys, William S. Pollack spends much of the work making a strong social commentary on some of the issues and problems associated with growing up. For the author, growing up is something that has gotten more and more difficult over the years and certain problems must be handled by society. The book succinctly discusses the various roles that educators, parents, friends, and society plays in raising a child to be a man. It discusses what can be done on both an individual level and a parental level, while addressing how children respond to different motivations from the outside.The impressiveness of raising these important social questions is bested only by this book’s ability to answer those questions. The most important aspect of young male development to the author is the context in which a boy is raised. By this, it means that a boy in North America has a hard time coming to a firm understanding of both who he is and who he is supposed to become. Th e book talks at length about the many â€Å"codes† by which a boy is required to live in the United States. Instead of being able to find himself within the context of his life, a boy must adhere to a double set of social standards.In addition to adhering to new age principles, boys must do their best to uphold the long standing male tradition of being â€Å"tough† and being â€Å"manly†. As Pollack shows with his real life examples, this type of pressure does not allow a boy to realize the proper context. This is important because it eventually stunts development and, according to the author, can lead to some very serious consequences. Among those are drug use, violence, learning disabilities, and psychological disorders. The author makes the point to state some solutions for these problems, instead of focusing solely on the problems.That is one of the important and interesting aspects of the book. One of the solutions has to do with a likely source in a boyâ⠂¬â„¢s development. According to the author, parents have to play a pivotal role in a child’s development if that child is going to become a success in society. This is where the idea of parental gatekeeping comes into play. Parents must not only do what they can to raise a child financially and physically, but they must also make a commitment to raising the child’s psyche. This does not mean that parents are always supposed to be the child’s biggest fan, nor are they to be his biggest detractor.In order for a boy to eventually grow into a man, the parents have to be something of a middle man in this. They must let enough good in to encourage the boy in his development, while keeping him grounded enough to stay on the right track. This is a slippery slope, but one that parents must tread down if they want to raise a boy properly. Another neat thing in the book is that the author takes the time to not only address widespread developmental issues in regards to boy s, but also to address specific problems that stand in the way in today’s society.Among those are some touchy topics that most parents and all schools have trouble dealing with. Though it might seem like a small thing on the surface, the author makes sure to mention that one of the biggest developmental problems facing boys in American society is friendlessness. Though it is not something that affects all children, it has an impact on a significant number of individuals. As such, there are lots of boys who grow up through elementary and middle school without knowing what it is like to have a friend.This affects boys in a couple of different ways. For one, they struggle with confidence issues as all of the individuals around them thrive. In addition, they miss out on learning some of the important things that go along with friendship. They do not learn how to handle their emotions or work with other human beings to figure out interpersonal problems. These things might seem min or to some, but to the author, they are huge stumbling blocks that society has failed to take down. In the book, the author does not speak in pure generalities.Though he makes several general points that can be applied to boys across the board, his primary objective is to identify specific problems that have specific solutions. When addressing the problems of boys, he spends a great deal of time and energy breaking down the problems that exist in schools when it comes to development of boys. Above all of the other parties responsible for raising boys to be men, he feels that schools have the great influence and thus, are doing the worst job at this point. In the book, he mentions some specific ways that parents must feel that their kids are being wronged.In his book, Pollack makes mention of some of the questions that parents must ask when he writes (1999), â€Å"Do the school’s teachers and administrators know about the boy code? Do they understand the mask? Are they sympat hetic to boys? Does the school teach subject matters and use classroom materials that interest my boy? † (p. 231). The author goes on to discuss that the answer to these questions is, all too often, no. The author places a significant amount of focus on the job that teachers and administrators are doing within the schools.In addition to not being well equipped to handle the emotional rigors that boys go through during their developmental years, schools are having a hard time zeroing in on the academic problems that boys are facing. The author specifically mentions the subjects of reading and writing as weak areas for boys, and goes on to talk about how school administrators are not doing enough to catch these problems and work to improve them. Because schools are not noticing academic issues at the beginning, boys are being allowed to struggle their way through school.This is one of the primary reasons why boys struggle on the outside of school. With their self-esteem shot and their confidence destroyed by problems within school, they are forced to then face their own development in a world that is becoming tougher and tougher on people their age. Fundamental problems, according to the author, are causing even great consequences on the outside of schools. All in all, the book is an excellent commentary on the many problems that young men face in a changing world. Getting from boyhood to manhood used to be easy, but now it is more of a challenge.Unfortunately, the world has not accommodated for the extra challenge, so boys are expected to handle their issues with the greatest of ease and the greatest of strength. That, in effect, is the message of the book. According to Pollack, parents, teachers, school administrators, and society at large is failing the young male population in North America. Until more is done to correct the problem, more and more young boys will find drugs, violence, and a handful of other issues to fill their plate in lieu of their o verriding issues. References Pollack, W. (1999). Real Boys: Rescuing Our Sons from the Myths of Boyhood. Owl Books.

Role of Youth in promoting Communal harmony in India Essay

Posted by SujataParashar on March 7, 2013 in News  · 0 Comments When my son was about six his classmate asked him about his religion. My son could not answer him as that was the first time someone had asked him that question. He did not know what his religion was. For that matter he did not know the meaning of the word. But he was curious about it and so after returning from School that day he asked me the same question: ‘what is my religion, Mom?’ Instead of replying to him immediately I made him sit and asked him about his day at school and during our conversation gently probed why he wanted to know about it. Once I learnt the exact reason, I explained him the meaning of the term in the simplest of ways and told him that if anyone asks him about it again to tell them that; he is an Indian. He listened to my explanation, nodded quietly and left it at that. I wasn’t sure whether my son had understood or accepted my explanation. But to my surprise I learnt that he had registered it well. And even now when he has learnt through his text books that India is a multi – cultural, multi – lingual and a multi – religious country and that many of his friends belong to different communities and follow different religions, whenever he has been asked by anyone about it, he has sincerely informed them that he is an Indian. I share the above personal experience just to highlight that the understanding and attitudes of our children (and youth) play a crucial role in shaping the future of the country. It is important that from a young age they learn and imbibe the â€Å"unity in diversity† spirit — which is the essence of our nation. In fact, our history is replete with examples where so many of our Kings, Emperors and even the invaders and colonial rulers divided us in the name of religious and communal differences. On the other hand, we also have countless examples of great kings who remained secular in their views and actions throughout their lives and consequently the country prospered under their rule. In fact, India has always been a land of spirituality where the beliefs and faiths of people from different casts and communities have been respected and flourished. But it is also a country which has undergone transformation several times; from dynastic rule of the kings, emperors to colonial rulers and finally to gaining independence and becoming a country of the people, by the people and for the people. Yet, despite attaining freedom, having a written constitution based on ideals of democracy and  secularism and being led by visionary leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri et al communal harmony in the country is on a decline. Issue- based politics has given way to vote – bank politics based on narrow interests and goals of political parties. In order to achieve these goals they’ve been resorting to picking up social causes on communal lines which divides rather than binds people. The situation is so bad today that even a small and often silly remark by an irresponsible member of one community about the other can take the form of a major riot – like situation leading to victimization of several hundred innocent people. Often these remarks are made deliberately and with ill – motives. The chasm between religious communities is so wide that people are fooled easily into believing even baseless rumours spread purposely to cause unrest among them. We Proud Indians Respect All Religions and Countries. In such a sad scenario it is our youths who can become agents of change and create harmony among different communities of the country, with their positive outlook and actions. Understand and Accept – As I mentioned earlier, India is a land where people of different faith have co -existed peacefully. However, it is politics, which proved to be divisive. It is not religious leaders by and large who divide but some politicians or political parties who seek to mobilise votes on grounds of religion, caste and ethnicity. The youth is educated and more aware but at the same time they must accept the true identity of India which is: multi – cultural and multi religious. It is important that they not only understand but also respect other communities and their belief system. Celebrate occasions – Major religious festivals like Diwali, Christmas, Eid, Guru Nanak’s Birthday are officially declared as a holiday in the country. Our constitution says all are equal before the law. The Government encourages all its citizens to celebrate major religious festivals, irrespective of their religion, caste or creed. But how many of us make the effort of joyfully celebrating such festivals together with the members of other communities? Not many, I think. We are divided within on the basis of our religion. One of the best ways to achieve communal harmony is to jointly celebrate and participate in each other’s religious festivals. Young people can show their secular spirit through their attitudes and actions and set an example for others to follow. Spread awareness – Most political parties have been playing the communal card to win elections. They have won elections by dividing people and by turning friends into enemies for their own gains. This must stop. Youth can be powerful agents of change. Once they know the right thing they cannot be suppressed into agreeing with the wrong. Youngsters must come together, express their opinion freely and spread awareness about important national issues and their take on it. They must involve people in discussing and debating these matters of national importance and in arriving at a conclusion through consensus about what is best for the country. And they must make sure their collective opinions are conveyed to the leaders in clear terms. This will not only ensure that the government takes decisions based on the welfare of its people but also check the politicians from playing the communal card. Be a proud Indian – Most of all young people can set example for others by showing their pride in their country thorough positive and healthy dialogues, responsible behavior and caring attitude towards one and all. â€Å"Be the change you want to see† -Mahatma Gandh

The effect of the Spanish American war on Cuban immigration to the Essay

The effect of the Spanish American war on Cuban immigration to the U.S. in the early 20th century - Essay Example This essay considers the nature of the Spanish American War as a seminal event in American history that had a tremendous influence on Cuban immigration to the United States. Spanish control of Cuba had dated back unto the early colonial period, as it was Christopher Columbus who first discovered the island in the 15th century. Cuban immigration to the United States had been prevalent as the two nations developed throughout the proceeding centuries, but greatly increased in the years immediately preceding the Spanish and American War. While this was in part brought on by the increased levels of revolutionary strife occurring throughout the country during this period, after the fall of the Spanish empire despotic rule in the Cuban colony greatly increased. It was during this period that Cuban farmers and intellectuals who had previously supported Spanish rule began to alter their perceptions and gradually support independence Indeed, prior to the Spanish American War, Cubans had engaged in a series of conflicts in an attempt to gain independence from Spanish rule (Corbitt 1963). Through the Ten Years’ War, the Little War, and the War of ’95, Cubans made strides to asserting their independence, although these wars were ultimately unsuccessful. During this period Cubans immigrated to the United States to avoid what they believed was oppressive Spanish rule, as well as to gain supporters for their revolutionary efforts. Cuban was an impoverished nation and country and the revolutionists didn’t have money for supplies to advance their revolutionary agenda. This poverty and internal strife also contributed in great part to the increased levels of immigration (Paterson 1996). Gradually, it was in great part due to the Cuban immigrants that moved to the United States and shifted public perception of the conflict that led to the United States involvement in the Spanish American War. The Cuban